Appendices 1-4
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Culpeper's Rebellion
Appendices 1-4

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List of Appendices

1. Peter Brockwell's Deposition of 25 Jul 1681

2. Richard Gamble's Deposition of 12 Apr 1681

3. Zakeriah Gillam's Deposition of 18 Aug 1681

4. William Hammond's Deposition of 12 Apr 1681

5. Walter Peace's Deposition of 10 Aug 1681

6. John Rowles' Deposition of 23 Apr 1681

7. John Taylor's Deposition of 15 Sep 1681

8. William Wilkinson's Deposition of 23 Apr 1681

9. John Wood's Deposition of 4 Aug 1681

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Appendix 1: Peter Brockwell's Deposition of 25 Jul 16811

25 July 1681 Chancery Court Durant vs Leech et al

Peter Brockwell of ye parish of Maribon in ye County of Middlesex, victualler aged 29 years or thereabt beeing &c

 1. That hee doth know ye complt & ye defnts in ye Title of ye Inter named ye complt & ye defts Sumers & Miller this dept hath knowne for abt 4 yeares & ye deft Leech this dept hath known since February last.

 6. That hee was in Carolina in ye yeare 1677 wch was before ye tyme ye plt arrived there And knowes yt ye deft Miller had in yt Country 30 or 40 men in Armes for his guard to Guard his person where ever he went a great part of wch were Loose fellows & of Bacons Company runn out of Virginia after Bacon was dead to some of wch said guard ye sd Miller gave knotts of Collors & favours of [suken?] flowred Ribbon And more saith not.

 7. That hee was in ye beginning of October at ye plts house in Carolina & severall tymes before ye sd plt arrived out of England wch was abt ye beginning of December then next following where this dept then saw ye deft Summers & his boy Jack as hee then called him several tymes & they continued at ye plts house some tymes after ye plts Arrivall thither & there they were verry kindly entertained by ye plts wife all ye tyme they stayed there ye wch this dept well knowes to be true for yt he was an Eye wittness of ye same And more saith not.

 8. That ye defn Miller att ye tyme of this depts arrivall in Carolina in October 1677 had assumed ye Governmt of yt Country & held court att ye plts house & sate president & heard & determined charges wth his guard in Armes to attend him And saith yt ye defn Miller when he feared yt ye Country would not endure his Governmt hee sent out his warrts in his owne name comanding ye inhabitants to bring in theire Armes to him And saith yt before ye sd plt arrived it was ye Report of yt Country yt ye sd Miller threatned to Imprison ye plt & hang him as soone as he came home And saith yt ye same day yt ye plt arrived in Carolina hee thy dept went on board on ye ship to ye plt whoe then told this dept yt Capt Gillam captaine of the ship. They came in went on shoare wth three or 4 of his men & left ye plt on board wth ye charge of ye sd ship & goods ye plt beeing cheife mate therein (ye sd ship Lying at Anker about 20 miles from ye plts house in Carolina) & yt as soon as ye sd Captaine Gillam & his men came ashoare into Carolina ye sd Miller & his guard tooke them prisoners & putt them into prison & ye same night this dept was on board ye sd ship with ye plt, ye sd Miller sent & Comanded ye sd plt to come on shoare wch ye plt refused hee haveing ye charge of ye sd ship & Goods & for his better security & for feare ye sd ship should be surprized hee ye sd plt caused a sentinell to be sett on ye decks of ye sd ship & ye plt continued aboard ye sd shipp severall dayes & came not on shoare untill ye sd Miller was Imprisoned & ye disturbance was over for in a few dayes ye Country tooke their opportunity & seized ye sd Miller & putt him in prison for his assuming ye Governmt of ye Country & oppressing ye same.

 9. That ye plts house in Carolina when this dept was there was ye usuall place in ye Country where ye Court of Assembly should sitt And knowes yt ye Court of Assembly did sitt there in ye month of December 1677 And saith yt ye deft Sumers did come to ye Court (hee beeing then at Liberty & never restrained or imprisoned there or in yt Country as this dept ever knew or heard) & demanded of ye sd Miller whoe was then & there a prisoner satisfaction for his sloope or shallopp & goods wch hee ye sd Miller had then detained from him & saith yt ye sd Sumers & Miller fell out & had verry high words abt ye sd sloope & Goods & more saith not.

 11. That after ye plt & deft Sumers were sayled for England in Captaine Gillams sd ship wch was in or abt ye month of May 1678 this dept remaining still in Carolina hee this dept did severall tymes see ye deft Sumers his Shallopp or Sloope in ye possession of Mr Thomas Finckley And saith yt it was generally reported in Carolina yt ye sd Sumers before he sayled for England had left ye sd shallopp or sloope wth ye sd Mr Finchley as his Attorney & this dept doth beleive yt ye sd Mr Finckley was ye sd Sumers his Attorney because this dept hath heard ye sd Mr Finckley report & declare soe And ye sd Mr Finckley did imploy this dept & others severall tymes before ye sd shallopp or sloop shee beeing then verry Leaky & out of repaire through her Long Lying in ye wether & hett from whereby she was much dampmged

 14. That after ye plt was returned out of England into Carolina ye sd second tyme wch was abt January 1678 [1679] ye deft Sumers his said shallopp or sloop was still in ye possion of ye sd Mr Finckley & Sayth yt ye plt made a finall voyage in her wth ye sd Mr Finckleys Leave in Company of Jon Varaham & wm Wilkinson & when ye plt returned home with her hee came to ye sd Mr Finckley & [three words illegible] Mr Finchley I have brought home ye sd shallopp or sloop pray take charge of her or use words to ye same effect And more saith not.

 17. That at a tryall had before ye Ld Cheif Justice North at Guildhall London ye 8th of February 1680 [1681] ye deft Leech obtained a verdict agt ye plt for 90£ att wch sd tryall ye now plt made noe defence soe yt ye verdict was obtained upon ye Evidence of ye deft Sumers only there beeing noe other Witnesses Exaidd, And more here sayeth not to this Inter

Peter Brockwell

1 Original deposition in Chancery 25 July 1681, Ams, Chancery, Town Depositions, Class 24, Volume 1055, Part 2, No. 34, at Public Records Office, London.  

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Appendix 2: Richard Gamble's Deposition of 12 Apr 16812

12 April 1681 In Chancery Court George Durant vs Thomas Leech et al

Richard Gamble of ye parish of Strepney alias Stebonsouth in ye County of Middlexex marriner aged abt 33 years beeing &c

 1. That he dooth & for severall yeares hath knowne ye Complt & defts in ye Title of ye Inter

 2:3: That in or about ye month of May 1677 ye deft Leech sent ye deft Sumers from Barmudos to Carolina wth a Sloope of about five Tunns Burthen & amongst ye Goods therein there were 12 peeces of Patead or Callicoe & a small Barrell wth powder & ordered ye deft Sumers to returne to Barmudos in 40 days wth ye produce of ye sd Goods. And thy dept saith yt ye sd Leech did declare when ye sd Sloope went from Barmudos towards Carolina yt if ye sd sloope did not returne in 40 days to Barmudos hee ye sd Leech might be Expected to be gone from thence And this dept did att ye sd Leechs request assist in ye sd voyage wherein ye deft Miller & Mr Konce as passengers & one John Leach Smith ye deft Leach his boy went on ye sd Leech his Mrs [Auonnt?] And more saith not.

 4:5:6: [Words missing at crease] month of July 1677 ye deft Sumers & ye sd Sloope arrived in Carolina aforesd & ye defts Sumers & Miller & ye sd Leeches boy took up their Lodgeings & abode att ye house of one Mr Timothy Biggs to wch place ye sd Goods were brought & ye sd Sloope lay in ye River at ye sd Biggs his Landing place & neere to his house And saith yt att ye sd Mr Biggs his house ye sd Sumers & Miller disposed of some Callicoe & ye sd Miller did make him a Gown of ye same Callicoe & ye sd Miller & Biggs disposed of a peece of Callicoe to ye wife of ye sd Humphrey Willis And saith yt ye sd Sumers & Willis att Chowan did use some of ye salt brought over from Barmudos to salt meate to goe for Antigua in ye sd Biggs his Sloope And saith yt ye sd Sumers & Miller agreed yt ye sd Sumers should goe Master in ye sd Biggs his sloope to Antigua And more saith not

 6:7:8: That hee heard ye sd deft Sumers declare yt hee ye sd Sumers calling ye sd Miller to account hee ye sd Miller abused him & told him yt a paire of Irons would better become his ye sd Sumers his Leggs then his new stockings did (hee then having a new paire of stockings on) And saith yt ye Sumers & ye sd Leechs boy had their aboade at ye plts house in Carolina before ye plts arrival into Carolina in ye yeare 1677 at wch tyme ye sd Sloope was at ye sd Biggs his Landing place & ye Sayles & such of ye Goods as were Left were in ye said Biggs Storehouse And saith yt ye sd Miller takeing upon himself ye Goverment of Carolina & having a guard some whereof were ye fugitives of one Bacon a Rebell & endeavouring to disarme ye Country ye sd Country seized on him & kept him in prison att one Mr Crawfords house where hee was kept a prisoner And saith yt Abt twoe dayes after ye sd Miller was imprisoned this dept went aboard ye ship where ye plt then was aboard & had ye charge of ye sd ship And more saith not.

 9. That ye plts house in Carolina is ye usuall place where ye Court of Assembly doth sitt And saith yt ye sd Court did sitt there in December 1677

 11. That ye deft Sumers did in Carolina in ye yeare 1677 confesse yt hee had profferred to sell ye deft Leeches Sloope to one Mr Terrell but yt they could not agree upon a price And saith yt in ye Month of May 1678 ye deft Sumers & this dept came from Carolina towards England in one Captaine Gillams shipp & in ye way for England thy dept saith yt ye deft Sumers told thy dept yt he had left all his Concerns in Carolina with one Mr. Tho: Finckley And more saith not.

 12 That ye deft Sumers might (if he would) have returned out of Carolina in 40 days after his arrivall there towards Barmudos. but defferred or desserted ye Same & was entertained by ye sd Miller or Biggs in another vessell in another Imploy wch caused thy dept to Leave ye sd Leeches sloope & go goe to Virginia to gett a passage for England but thy dept was therein prevented by sicknes And thy dept saith yt ye sd Capt Gillam did arrive in Carolina in December 1677 & in February next following ye sd Sumers was Employed in ye sd Gillams service And saith yt hee thy dept could never understand yt ye sd Sumers was ever Imprisoned in Carolina or ye sd Leeches sloope after ye sd Millers beeing taken prisoner detenied from him for this dept did see ye sd Sloope at Mr Tho: Harris his Landing place in Paspotancke Creeke in Caorlina And more saith not.

Richard Gamble

2 Original deposition in Chancery 12 April 1681, Ams, Chancery, Town Depositions, Class 24, Volume 1055, Part 2, No. 34, at Public Records Office, London.  

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Appendix 3: Zakeriah Gillam's Deposition of 18 Aug 16813

18 Aug 1681 in Chancery Geo Durant Vs. Thos Leech et al

Zakeriah Gillam of Rattcliffe in the parish of Stepney in the County of Middlesex Marriner aged 45 yeares or thereabouts being produced as a witness on the part of the Complt in this cause was &c Shewed in person at the Seate of Mr. Darbyshire &c by Mr Baimshen &c deposeth & Sayeth

1: That hee dooth knowe the Complt George Durant in the tytle the of the Intern mamed & the defendts Thomas Leech, Solomon Summers & Thomas Miller therein nammed the said Complt hee hath knowne for about five yeares last past & the defendant Leech for diverse yeares & the defendts Sumers & Miller for neare four yeares last past or there about.

 6. 7. 9. That hee this depont as Master & the said Complt his this deponts Cheife mate with others belonging to a shipp or vessell then called Carolina, arrived at the Province of Carolina from England upon or aboute the First day of December 1677 And at this deponts said arrival hee this depont understood that the Country of Carolina was in greate disorder by reason the defendt Miller had as this depont was Reliably Informed assumed the Governement there and had a Guard of men in Armes to attend him most of them as this depont was also Informed being Bacons Company fled from Virginia after Bacon dyed And that to some of them hee the said defendt Miller gave knotts of Ribon for favours as this depont alsoe was Informed, And sayeth that the same day of his this deponts arrivall hee this depont came to an Anker which was aboute Twenty Miles distant from the said Complts house in Carolina And that hee this depont then went on shore but left the said Complt on board with the charge of the said shipp or vessell, And that the same day this dept being on shore, the defendt Miller came to this depont and arrested him & took him prisoner (hee the said defendt Miller saying & declaireing to this depont that hee the said Miller was President of that Country of Carolina), And this depont sayeth that aboute middnight of the same day this depont went aboard the said shipp where hee then found the defendt Miller in the Greate Cabbin of the said Shipp or Vessell, who came aboard with Armes to secure the said Complt as this depont was then Informed & did understand, And this depont further sayeth that the said defendt Miller afterwards endevoured to disarme the Inhabitants of the Country of Carolina, And that for the same & for his treasons committed there as was alleaged the Inhabitants Imprisoned him the said Miller before the said Complt came ashore as this depont is well assured for this depont sayeth that the said Compt kept the Charge of the said Shipp & did not goe on shore untill the Court of Assembly sat upon the said Millers tryall, And this depont happening to bee at the said Complts house at Millers tryall the said Complt came to him this depont & told him it would goe hard with the said defendt Miller for his life & hee the Complt had endeavoured what hee could to mittigate the Assemblyes severity against him And saith that hee the said Complt then desired this depnt to use his this deponts endevour with some of the said Court that they might not goe to far in their proceedings against him the said Miller untill they heard from the Lords Proprietors from England, or used words to the same effect And sayeth that upon this the Complts request hee this depont did discourage severall of the said Court aboute the same upon which noe further proceedings then went against the said defendt Miller onely hee was secured , And this depont further sayeth that hee this depont continued in that Country of Carolina untill aboute May then next following And dureing this deponts aboade there which was some part of the tyme at the said Complts house, hee this depont did never see or heare or dooth beleive that the said defendt Summers was A prisoner there or in any other place in that Country in the tyme aforesd, but this depont beleiveth to the Contrary for that hee this depont did see the said defendt Summers at the aforesd Court all the tyme the said Miller had his tryall, at Freedome & liberty And believed hee the said defendt Summers hath severall tymes acknowledged & Declared to this depont that hee had beene always kindly entertained at the said Complts house, And this depont further sayeth that hee the said Summers was soe farr from being Imprisoned by the said Complt that this depont Imployed him the defnt Summers in pay affterwards And the said Summers aboute February 1677 [1678] did goe a voyage to Virginia for this depont in a Vessell of this deponts, And this depont sayeth that the said Complt was reputed to bee the Attorney Generall when this depont was in Carolina that yeare & this depont dooth beleive that hee the Complt was soe far this depont hath seene his the Complts Commission from the Lords Proprietors And this depont sayeth that the said Summers had then in that tyme a Shallopp or Sloope in Carolina aforesd which as this depont understood hee the said Summers brought from Burmudoes with goods of the defendt Leeches, And further hee sayeth hee cannott to his rememberance depose materially for the satisfaction of any the questions of these three Inters.

 9: That the said Complts house in Carolina is the usuall or Comon Court house where the Assembly or Lords Deputyes keepe their Courts, And hee sayeth that the Court of Assembly did sitt there in December 1677 and the said Court was accounted & then generally taken for a Lawfull Court, And hee sayeth that the defendt Summers was at Liberty at that Court & not a prisoner And this depont sayety that after the said defendt Miller was taken prisoner, the said Summers had his Freedome of trade, And that hee the said Summers left the aforesaid Shallopp or sloope with Mr. Thomas Harris, who by the said Summers his orders (as hee the said Summers told this depont left her to one Mr. Tonkington to carry sheepe frome one Mr. Whetsill to the said Tonkingtons plantation And this only what hee hath before deposed in his Answers to the sixth seaventh & eighth Inters he sayeth is as much as he can to his now rememberance depose for the satisfaction of any the questions of this Inter.

 10. That whilst this depont was in Carolina aforesd hee this depont received three hoggsheads of Tobacco weighing one thousand seaventy five pounds, of the said defendt Summers & by discount from Mr. Culpeper six hundred & thirty pound weight of Tobaccoe more, And further hee sayeth hee cannot depose for the satisfacion of any the questions of this Inter to his rebembrance.

 11. 12. That after the said Miller was Imprisoned the said defendt Summers had the said shallopp or sloppe & used her & disposed of her as hee thought fitt And this depont dooth verily beleive that neither the said Shallopp or Sloop or any of the goods belonging to the said Summers were ever seized of by the said Complt for that aboute the 29th day of May 1679 this depont sett sayle from Carolina for England in Company of the said Complt and the said defendt Summers And that hee this depont & the said Complt and defendt Summers Arrived at London aboute the 9th of July then next following, And in that voyage the defendt Summers to his depont did acknowledge & declare that hee the sd Summers received & had very kind usage & entertainment from & by the said Complt And that at his the said Summers departure from Carolina hee the said Summers left the said Shallopp or Sloope & his concerns with Mr. Thomas Finckley in that Country And this with what he hath before deposed is as much as hee can depose for the satisfaction of any the questions of those twoe Inters to his rememberance.

15. That whilst this depont was in Carolina hee was very well acquainted with the Complts dealings And sayeth that hee this depont never heard or understood that the said Complt or any of his family were at all concerned to entermeddle with the defendt Summers his said Shallopp or Sloope or any of his goods, except the said Mr. Thomas Finckley be reckoned one of the family with whome hee the said Summers left his Shallop or Sloope & concernes at his departure from Carolina as the said Summers Acknowledged to this depont in the voyage from Carolina to England as aforesd And further here sayeth hee cannott depose for the satisfaction of any the questions of this Inter to his rememberence.

Zack: Gillam

3 Original deposition in Chancery 18 August 1681, Ams, Chancery, Town Depositions, Class 24, Volume 1055, Part 2, No. 34, at Public Records Office, London.  

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Appendix 4: William Hammond's Deposition of 12 Apr 16814

12 April 1681 In Chancery Court Durant vs Leech et al

William Hammond of Stepney in ye County of Middlexex marriner aged abt 40 yeares beeing &c

 1. That hee knowes ye parties plt & defts in ye Title of ye Inter named & hath soe done for diverse yeares

 6. That hee was in Carolina in ye years 1677 & was there acquainted wth ye deft Miller And saith yt ye Generall report of yt Country then was att this depts then arrivall about ye beginning of December 1677 in company of ye plt That ye sd Miller had assumed ye Govermt of yt Country on himselfe & had a guard of 30 or 40 men wch were fugitives run out of Virginia from Bacon beeing of his company And saith yt ye sd Miller disposed to his guard severall peeces of Ribbon for favours & Colours wch they wore And more saith not.

 7. 8. That att ye Arrivall of ye plt & thy dept out of England into Carolina in December 1677 on a shipp comanded by Captaine Gillam about 2 dayes after such arrivall & before ye plt went on shore ye deft Sumers came aboard ye sd ship Lyeing then in ye River & declared to ye plt yt ye sd Miller & one Timothy Biggs had abused him soe much yt hee & ye deft Leeches boy was forced to take refuge in ye plts absence in ye plts house in Carolina & ye sd Sumers did there also returne many thanks to ye plt for his kind enterteinemt by ye plts wife att ye plts house to ye wch ye sd plt answered yt he ye sd Sumers was welcome And thy dept saith yt ye first night yt ye sd ship arrived in ye sd River ye sd Capt Gillam went ashore with 4 of his men & as soone as they came on ye shore ye sd Miller having assumed ye sd Govermt tooke ye sd Capt Gillam & his 4 men & putt them in prison & ye same night ye sd Miller about 12 of ye clocke wth one or more in his compnay came aboard ye sd ship with Pistolls loaded with severall Bulletts one of wch Pistolls hee presented to ye plts breast to [Illegible] him he was ye sd Miller prisoner but ye plt haveing ye comand of ye sd ship & Cargoe in ye sd Captaine Gillams absence would not yeild himself a prisoner but left ye sd Miller aboard till yt Capt Gillam was restored out of prison wch was done yt same night And thy dept furhter saith yt ye plt by reason of ye Country of Carolina was in disturbance by ye sd Millers assumeing ye Govormt & guarding himself as aforesd for ye preservacon of ye sd ship & Cargoe did not goe on shore till after ye sd Miller was imprisoned by ye Country & ye Tumult was over wch was about 10 days after ye sd shipps arrivall.

 9.10.11.12 That ye plts house in Carolina is ye usuall place appointed for ye Court of Assembly to sitt And yt ye Court yt satt there in December 1677 was generally taken by ye sd Country to bee ye Lawfull assembly And thy dept also saith yt in or about ye month of May 1678 ye plt & ye deft Sumers whoe was then in Capt Gillams service & thy dept sett sayle out of Carolina towards England in Captain Gillams ship. And severall tymes as ye sd ship sayled for England ye sd deft Sumers complained to thy dept yt ye deft Miller had wronged him verry much & wth all sayd yt hee ye sd Sumers was to have returned to Barmudos in 40 days wth ye sd produce of ye goods but ye sd Miller gott ye sd sloope [7 words illegible] & goods & denyed to give him any acct thereof hee ye sd Miller haveing made use of most of ye sd Goods as also of ye salt to salt meat to send for Antegua in Tymothy Biggs his sloope And saith yt after ye said sloope was fitted ye sd Miller would not Lett ye sd sloop goe for Antigua And ye sd deft Sumers did also declare yt hee did in December Last complaine to ye Court of Assembly agt ye sd Miller for his goods & yt ye Court ordered him a Considerable quantity ot Tobaccoe wch hee had ordered one Joshua Lamb to Carry for New England And thy dept also saith yt he thy depl did see ye sd Sumers sell &c deliver some such to one Matheas Towlor & more salt to one Thomas Harris And in or abt ye month of April 1678 thy dept saith yt hee thy dept was present & did see ye sd Sumers Leave ye Deft Leechs sloop wth ye sd Thomas Harrris wth a speciall order to ye sd Thomas Harris not to deliver ye sd sloop to any person wtsoever wthout ye order of ye sd Summers or of one Mr Tho: Finckley And thy dept further saith yt ye sd Summers before hee left Carolina did offer to sell ye sd sloop & anker tackle &c to Mr Terrell to Mr wm Wilkinson & to ye plt but they all refused her & also hee offered to sell ye deft Leechs boy to ye plt but ye plt refused him also And thy dept also further saith yt as ye plt ye deft Sumers & thy dept were sayleing from Carolina towards England in yeare 1678 ye sd Sumers did declare yt hee had sold powder & other goods to Mr. Tho: Finckley (who then lived att ye plts house in Carolina & yt hee ye sd Sumers at his departure from Carolina had made Mr Tho: Finckley a [Illegible] Attorney & had left ye sloop (he brought out of Barmudos) & all other his concerns in Carolina with him And thy dept also further saith yt in ye yeare 1678 after thy dept & ye sd other persons & sd ship were arrived in England & were ready to saile again for Carolina a person called by ye name of Mr Bumpshed of Rattliffe did deliver to thy dept a bill of exchange charged on ye plt by ye deft Sumers for 200 pound weight of Tobacco to be pd for ye sd Mr Bumpsted & ye plt beeinge then in London did accept of ye sd bill & promised paymt att his Returne to Carolina and more saith not to these 4 Intern.

Will Hammond

4 Original deposition in Chancery 12 April 1681, Ams, Chancery, Town Depositions, Class 24, Volume 1055, Part 2, No. 34, at Public Records Office, London 

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(To Appendices 5-9)

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